Several important factors modify hypoxic vasoconstriction (Table 1). While the effects of many of these factors have been repeatedly substantiated, the mechanisms of action remain largely unexplained. Although the AHPR is present in the lungs of all mammalian species examined, there is considerable species variation in the magnitude of the response. Pigs and cows have [...]
The AH PR is an important adaptive mechanism that diverts blood flow away from hypoxic alveoli. This shift in blood flow from poorly ventilated to better ventilated areas improves the matching of ventilation and perfusion which minimizes arterial hypoxemia. The degree of flow diversion away from the hypoxic site with a localized pathologic process depends [...]
The pulmonary circulation responds to acute hypoxia with increases in pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance. This acute hypoxic pressor response (AHPR) is a unique physiologic feature distinguishing the pulmonary from the systemic circulation which dilates in response to hypoxia. Since Von Euler and Liljestrand described the phenomenon of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction within the [...]
In the present study, we measured bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in patients with left heart disorders and noticed that the median value for PC20-FEV1 in patients with a history of congestive heart failure was lower than that in patients without such history. Makino et al have reported with the same protocols as our bronchial provocation [...]
The baseline pulmonary function test results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Each mean value for age, FVC, FEV1 and Zrs at 3 Hz did not statistically differ among the groups. The AFEV, in group 1 (0.19 ±0.18 mg/ml) was lower than that in group 2 (0.48 ±0.24 mg/ml; p<0.05 by Student Mest). The [...]
“O ronchial hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli is an almost universal finding in patients with bronchial asthma. On the other hand, paroxysmal dyspnea similar to an asthma attack frequently occurs in patients with congestive heart failure; however, no data are available in the literature on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in these patients. Therefore, to investigate the relationship between [...]
The skin is the most commonly affected organ system in disseminated disease. Skin eruptions consist of verrucous granulomas, subcutaneous abscess, and indolent ulcers. Verricous lesions are commonly found on the face and nasolabial folds. Several lesions found together may suggest a more malignant course of disease. These lesions initially show epithelial thickenings and grow to [...]
